Spotted enamel or fluorosis of teeth: causes and treatment

Teeth fluorosis is a chronic disease in which tooth enamel is damaged due to excessively excessive amounts of fluoride in the dental tissue.

The main load in fluorosis undergoes a dental tissue, namely the surface finest layer. It is this tissue that absorbs a fairly large volume of fluoride.

When the disorder progresses, the internal dental tissue breaks down, and later the bones of the skeleton are destroyed.

The reasons for the violation are important

Perhaps the main reason for the occurrence of fluorosis is an excessively excessive amount of an element such as fluoride in the dental tissue, as well as the formation of fluorine in the human body to such an extent that the body is not able to assimilate.

This microelement enters the human body through the food and liquid that it receives, that is, water. The largest amount of fluoride contains such fish as tuna, mackerel and cod.

Fluorinated water is the main risk factor

However, fluoride when ingested through eating fish and other foods is only half digested, and when ingested through water - completely.

It is for this reason that the main danger is that man absorbs excessively fluoridated water.

The amount of fluoride contained in drinking water depends directly on the climate, the infrastructure of the city or village and the living conditions of the person.

For example, people living in countries with constantly cool weather, consume a small amount of drinking water, given that the water contains a large amount of fluoride.

People living in hot countries consume much more water, while the content of microelements does not exceed the limit of the permissible norm.

In the Russian Federation, where cool weather prevails in most of the territory, the risk of dental enamel fluorosis occurrence and flow is very high compared to other countries.

The development of the disease is most often affected by people who live more than five years in an area with a high content of fluoride in drinking water.

Both the medicine and the poison - it all depends on the dose of

A significant number of people are overcome with doubt: "After all, fluoride is a component involved in the proper formation of tooth enamel. How can it harm the body? "

In this case, as in any other, the norm is of great importance. Any overabundance of useful properties is dangerous to the body, it can cause rejection, an allergic reaction or a certain illness.

The whole human body and, in particular, tooth enamel do not have the ability to absorb and process a large amount of fluoride entering the body. For this reason, the harmful effect of the microelement on the tooth enamel is observed, which already has useful properties.

The whole algorithm of dental fluorosis and its further development has not been fully studied to the present.

Some experts think that excessive fluoride consumption leads to improper work of alkaline enzymes, and subsequently to insufficient absorption of minerals required for tooth enamel.

Other doctors believe that the main factor in the development of a disorder is a violation of the thyroid gland function.

How does the disease manifest itself?

First of all, with fluorosis, an external change in the enamel occurs - stains of different color and size are formed on the surface of the tooth itself: brown, dirty yellow or in the form of chalk color. These spots are located on the tooth surface, but only in a different range.

Usually, the teeth that are located next door, or the teeth symmetrical already affected( for example, front teeth or incisors) suffer from a violation.

At the initial stage of development, small white dots are often fixed on the teeth. Also, in addition to these points, bands may appear.

The first teeth that undergo fluorosis are the incisors, which become too sensitive to fluoride. With the development of this disease, other parts of the teeth located in the oral cavity are also destroyed.

Over time, the spots initially formed on the teeth darken and become dirty. This sign indicates the development of fluorosis and its transformation into a stage of chronic disease.

From the stain on the enamel to the destruction of the skeleton

To date, several stages of fluorosis development are singled out:

1. The initial form is the predominance of white bands( bright and dull) on the teeth. Such strips are quite clearly visible on the dry surface of the tooth.
2. Erosive form - thinning and complete loss of dental tissue. It is a destructive form of fluorosis of dental tissue. The presence of discomfort on the enamel has a very strong effect on the structure of the tooth as a whole. Such symptoms can cause a modification of the shape of the dental crown and its subsequent rupture.
3. Melodifene-speckled stage - darkening of tooth enamel up to brown color. In the places of such darkening, the dental tissue becomes rough, which results in a huge number of small inclusions. This form of the disease can be confused with hypoplasia of the dental tissue, which has similar symptoms. However, when hypoplasia tooth enamel is significantly destroyed, which leads to its complete disappearance.
4. Spotted stage - the fusion of white bands on the dental tissue. These spots are formed on the entire tooth enamel, which subsequently acquires an unnatural shine and smoothness. The main signs of this form of impairment are similar to the first detection of caries. However, in comparison with caries, fluorosis of dental tissue is formed immediately on several teeth, and not locally( as in caries).
5. The late stage is the destruction of the bones of the skeleton. An excess of fluoride causes a disease such as osteosclerosis, and can also lead to the formation of a cancerous tumor.

In the photo, the fluorosis of the teeth in the advanced stage of

The features of the therapy of

The treatment of dental fluorosis is the same for both children and adults, and includes a number of preliminary recommendations:

1. First, the important point is the timely cessation of water use with increased contentfluorine .To date, the latest techniques allow you to use clean water. It is necessary to consume water, which can be bought in stores in large bottles, only purified and approved by benign producers. In the treatment it is necessary to use a special filter for water purification.
2. should temporarily stop using fluoride-containing products of , namely fish, and also less to eat spinach and to refuse tea.
3. Toothpaste should be selected without fluoride .

Fulfillment of these instructions will help to avoid subsequent relapse of the violation. But how to make the teeth again look beautiful and well-groomed?

To restore the beauty of the teeth is relatively easy

During the initial stage of dental fluorosis, as well as in the spotted form of the disorder, it is possible to perform so-called teeth whitening.

In the end, white spots on the tooth enamel are simply equal to the natural shade of the teeth, which makes them completely invisible. In addition, in the presence of minor defects that disrupt the aesthetics of the oral cavity, you can resort to additional grinding of the dental tissue.

In the process of treatment of fluorosis, a procedure such as the remineralization of tooth enamel is quite good. Such useful trace elements, like fluorine and calcium, get into a hard dental tissue, thereby the teeth are restored and strengthened.

In the presence of severe disease, as well as the appearance of dirty and dark spots on the enamel, restoration of the teeth is performed, in addition, prosthetics using dental crowns or implants is carried out.

Give prophylaxis a minute. ..

Prevention of fluorosis should be carried out from the very birth of the baby. For a child, breastfeeding is quite useful, for this reason, if possible, it is forbidden to replace it with an artificial mixture.

Balanced nutrition is very important for the development of the child. The use of products containing phosphorus and calcium leads to an optimal balance of the amount of useful trace elements in the child's body.

As for toothpaste, it is better for children not to buy pasta with fluoride.