What to do if the child is electrocuted: the first emergency aid is an algorithm. Electrical trauma: causes, types, signs, complications, treatment, consequences. How to explain to the child what is an electric current?

What is electrical trauma, why does it happen? What should I do if my child is electrocuted? Electrical safety for children.

What would we do without electricity? We feel uncomfortable if in the house it is turned off even for an hour, and the work and generally freezes. Modern lighting and electrical appliances are an undeniable blessing. But also a source of serious danger, simultaneously. Careless handling of them can lead to serious consequences, among which not only damage to property. The threat to life and health is created directly at the time of receiving the electric shock and persists for a long time - negative consequences and complications can occur in days, months and years. How to behave if an electric shock occurs? And most importantly - how to prevent electrosurges, especially in children?

Electrical trauma: causes of

Electro-trauma is a complex traumatic effect on the human body of a strong electric current or lightning( atmospheric electricity).

A common cause of electrical injury is non-observance of the rules for using lighting and electrical appliances.

You can get such an injury:

1. In the home, because of violation of safety rules when working with household lighting and electrical appliances.
2. At work, due to violation of safety rules and regulations when working with industrial devices. In the group of risk, first of all, electricians, builders, electric machine operators in factories, drivers and mechanics of electric transport.
3. In the street during a thunderstorm. Modern man underestimates the forces of nature. He can know a lot about the danger that comes from the objects of man-made ones, but forgets that sometimes the forces of nature can be somewhat cruel sometimes. Remember yourself and tell the child how to behave on the street during a thunderstorm, so as not to get a lightning strike. This is very important, as people die in the twenty-first century under the influence of atmospheric electricity.

These rules will help to protect yourself from a lightning strike.

Unfortunately, injuries from electric shock are very often received by children. Small - due to the impossibility to comprehend their actions and because of an oversight of the parents. And already very nearly adults - because of bravado and recklessness. Surrendering to fashion, trying to make an original selfie, teenagers get out on transformer booths, electric trains, power lines, which sometimes ends tragically. In order to avoid trouble, both at home and in educational institutions it is necessary to hold regular explanatory talks about the danger of electric current and the rules of handling its sources.

VIDEO: Electrical injury. How not to die from electric shock?

What to do if the child is electrocuted: the first emergency aid is the

algorithm Even in the home of a young child, the danger lies in every step. No matter how attentive and vigilant the young mother was, she will not be able to control the baby 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. And the accident, as you know, is a matter of a fraction of a second. Therefore, while the crumb still lies in its crib, it is necessary to repeat the basics of first aid for a different kind of herbs. God grant that this knowledge is never needed, but superfluous they obviously will not.

First aid for electric shock.

So, what happened was terrible - the child was electrocuted. He stuck something in the socket, tore the wire, stuff. What categorically do not need is to panic. Gather and try to help him immediately.

1. The first thing to do is to stop the electric current from affecting the child. Usually, in an apartment electricity is cut down itself. If this does not happen, act! In no case do not grab the child with your bare hands - you are traumatized, but he will not be helped. Touch up to the person through which current flows, as well as to a faulty electrical appliance or bare wire, can only be worn with rubber gloves. It is unlikely that there is time to look for them. It is better to turn off the light in the whole apartment through the flap. The wire from the victim can be discarded by something that does not conduct a current, for example, a dry broom or a wooden mop.
2. If the injury did not occur at home, and you can not estimate the current that affected the victim, you can approach it with small steps, pre-shoe rubber shoes or a rubber mat underfoot. If your step is wider than 70 cm, a so-called step voltage can form between your legs. From the source of the current, the victim should be pulled out without touching his hands( unless there are rubber gloves on them).In extreme cases, you can take the victim for the clothes without touching the body.
3. The complexity of the injury from electricity depends on how much current the victim has been exposed to for how long. It is also important to direct the current through the human body. The most dangerous loops are considered through both legs and both hands, through both hands, and also through the arm and head. In the first cases, the current passes through the heart, in the latter through the brain. But in other cases, during an electric shock, the cardiovascular and nervous systems of a person suffer. The main causes of death directly in the reception of electric trauma are cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest. Therefore, if the child is struck by an electric shock, it is necessary to check immediately whether he is breathing and also to feel his pulse.
4. Immediately after this, you should call an ambulance.
5. Before the arrival of doctors, lay the child, give him an abundant drink, valerian or Valocordin in the age-related dose.

IMPORTANT: Even if it seems to you that the electric shock was insignificant, the child was not outwardly hurt, did not lose consciousness, otherwise, do not refuse hospitalization offered by the ambulance staff. The kid needs to be examined by a cardiologist, at the very least, an ECG is done.

Child who was electrocuted.you need to take to the hospital, even if it seems to you that it feels good.

VIDEO: Emergency assistance with electrical trauma

First aid, with cardiac arrest, blood circulation with electric trauma

If after the electric shock the victim is unconscious, you immediately need:

1. Put it on your back on a hard surface, unbutton your clothes.
2. Check if a stop in breathing or cardiac arrest has occurred. Observe the movements of his chest, put your ear to your mouth, try to find a pulse.
3. If the victim does not breathe, you need to give him artificial respiration. Lift his legs or bend them at the knees. Close the nose of the victim with the palm of your hand, twice inhale the air in his mouth. After 10-15 times, press it on the sternum. You can also alternate one inhalation with 5 clicks.
4. When the victim again starts to breathe, provide access to it fresh air. Lay it on its side so that the tongue does not fall.

First aid, with cardiac arrest, blood circulation with electrical injuries

First aid, with burns and frostbite with electric trauma

One of the types of electric current impact on the human body is thermal. Electricity is transformed into thermal energy because of the resistance of tissues. The so-called current signs remain on the victim's body. They remain at the entrance and exit points of electricity in the body. The greater the current, the stronger and deeper the burns.

Signs of current.

As before the arrival of doctors to provide first aid to a person burned by electric shock, read in the article "First aid for a child with burns by fire, boiling water, chemicals."

IMPORTANT: If, during exposure to a current, a heated arc arcs on the human body( electric arc), the victim can get deadly deep no longer electrical but thermal burns.

VIDEO: Electrical trauma, what to do when electric shock - Dr. Komarovsky

Electrical trauma: signs, symptoms

Understand that an adult or a child has been electrocuted, quite easily because of obvious signs.

1. The victim suddenly falls near a current source, or it seems to be jamming near him. If the current is large, the victim may be discarded from the current source. With a lower strength of the current, muscle spasm occurs, in which case the victim has to literally beat off the current source.
2. If the victim is conscious, movement coordination, speech, vision, and skin sensitivity may be impaired. Often there is a loss of memory. The pupils of the victim react poorly to light.
3. Often, because of the pain shock from electric shock, a person loses consciousness.
4. The biological effect of electrocurrent on the human body is expressed in the defeat of the muscles - the patient begins to have convulsions.
5. Burns visible. Electric burns at the entrance and exit points of the current in the human body are local, they have clearly delineated boundaries. Such burns do not hurt at first. Within 2-3 days after the injury, the area of ​​dead tissue increases, the places become painful. Tachycardia, uneven breathing.
6. Stop breathing.
7. Heart stop.

Loss of consciousness, cramps, stopping breathing, stopping the heart - signs of electrical injury.

Degrees of electric shock

There are four degrees of electrical injury, of which the first is the easiest, and the fourth is fatal.

Degrees of electrical injury.

Electrical injury: complications and consequences

The electric shock is terrible because it can have negative consequences that occur immediately after an electric shock or after a while. And a person who seems normal after an electric shock, after 20-60 minutes can become bad. The fact is that all tissues and organs are affected in the path of electricity through the body of the victim, as well as his heart and brain.

1. From the side of the nervous system, the effects of electric trauma can be expressed in dullness of the senses, convulsions, violation of body thermoregulation, visual disturbance and ripple in the eyes. When the current is directly applied to the brain, severe disturbances occur in the CNS.Under the impact may be the centers responsible for breathing and palpitation.
2. Because of a violation of breathing or the effect of the current directly on the heart of the victim, a time after the injury he may have a myocardial infarction.
3. Passage of current through the lungs can be fraught with their edema, rupture or pneumothorax.
4. Convulsions and convulsions caused by electricity, sometimes lead to fracture of tubular bones. The spine can also be injured.

IMPORTANT: Remember when a person who was struck by lightning was recognized as dead, and after a while he began to give signs of life? These are not bikes. Complication of electrical injury can be lethargy.

Electric shock does not pass without a trace. In the future, it becomes the cause of violations in the brain, heart, lungs. They-for him to fall eyesight and hearing, can develop cataracts. Osteo-muscular contracture is often observed.

Electric trauma: treatment of

Depending on the nature of the injuries suffered from electric shock, they are hospitalized in resuscitation, burn, surgical or cardiological department of a stationary medical institution.
Treatment also depends on what organs and systems of the human body have suffered the most from electric trauma. Sometimes it is enough to observe the victim for some time, sometimes reanimation measures, surgical interventions, long-term treatment and subsequent rehabilitation are required.

Danger and protection against electric shock to children

When the family prepares to replenish, the future mom and dad should take steps to make the house safe for the baby. To insure it from electric injuries, it is necessary: ​​

• close all the sockets with special plugs
• remove all wires from the floor and surfaces to which the child has or will soon have access
• check that there are no bare wires of the
• not allow the child to use electrical appliances,until he can learn the rules of dealing with them
• on the street do not walk in a thunderstorm, do not play near power lines, transformer boxes, dangling wires, etc.
• regularly explain to the child the rules of using illuminationstionary and appliances, the risk and consequences of an electric shock on

accessible kid language If the home child, in the socket must be a stub.

How to explain to the child what is an electric current?

To a child, especially a small one, it is difficult to understand what is an electric current. Unfortunately, not all adults understand this. Telling the kid about the dangers of playing with sockets and electrical appliances, manifest a fantasy:

1. If the kid is still completely unintelligent, he will not understand that electricity is dangerous. But Uncle Toka or a snake biting who live in a socket and wires, he will be exactly frightened. Allow yourself this invention for the good of the child.
2. To the child of 3-6 years old it will be clear that with current jokes are bad, if you look with him along with him developing a cartoon film, for example, "Fixikov".
3. It will be easier with a schoolboy, you can already speak it with an adapted scientific language.

You can see the series about electricity from the animated series "Fixici" with a preschool child.

Teaching children what is electric current in pictures

These pictures will help the child understand what electrical safety is.

Elecard safety for children in pictures: picture 1.

Safety for children in pictures: picture 2.

Safety for children in pictures: figure 3.

Safety for children in pictures: picture 4.

Safety for children in pictures: figure 5.

Elecard safety for children in pictures: figure 6.

Elektrikafety for children in pictures: figure 7.

Safety for children in pictures: figure 8.

Elener safety for children in pictures: figure 9.

VIEWA: Security Lessons for children. Transmission for children about electrical safety