Motor development of a healthy child. How to detect abnormalities in the motor development of children on time?

The article will tell about the main stages in the development of the infant's motor activity.

Movement is an integral part of a person's full life. The motor activity develops in the baby from its very birth. Its main components: large and small motor skills. A healthy child is curious and active to the extent of his age, the movements do not cause him discomfort and irritation.

If, for some reason, motor activity slows down, it is within the power of parents to develop it properly. Sometimes, slow motor development speaks of serious illnesses. Therefore, in the presence of abnormalities, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician.

The value of the infant's development

The motor activity is the basis for the full development of the baby. It is impossible to harmonize emotional and mental development, without actively learning the world. A growing organism needs movement and for the proper development of all organs and systems of the body. As a rule, if the child does not have abnormalities, his motor activity fully correlates with the regime of the day.

Parents are encouraged only to encourage activity, and at an older age, allow the child to play more often in outdoor games. This part of the motor activity, like small motor skills, begins to develop in the preschool age.

On how the child will own it, depends on his successful schooling. Therefore, parents should often play with children in games that develop small motor skills.

Means of development of motor activity of children

Means of development of motor activity depend, first of all, on the age of the child. The range of occupations will be different for infants, preschoolers and schoolchildren.

For infants, there are such tools for the development of motor activity:

• does not need to swaddle a child often. This negatively affects not only his motor activity, but also the blood circulation of the body as a whole.
• basic means of developing activity in infancy - own movements of the baby( congenital reflexes)

Motivity development tools for preschool children:

• hardening( outdoor activities, sun baths and contrasting dousing with water)
• gymnastics( morning, after a nap)
• mobilegames
• active recreation( participation in circles, sporting events and relay races)
• walks, hiking
• games developing small motor skills( constructors, puzzles)

Tools(hardening, gymnastics and outdoor games)

dances

going to the sports section

Diagnosis of the motor development of children

It's no secret that the activity of the child depends not only on genes but also on the regime of the day. In order to independently diagnose motor activity, you need to compare the average statistic of normal motor activity of a given age with the activity of your baby.

Diagnosis is recommended to be carried out in a quiet time for the baby, when he is full and does not want to sleep. Do not panic if the child does not perform any actions.put in his age.

The development rates for all are different, and the indicators are averaged. However, if the delay is significant, then it is an occasion to undergo a diagnosis by a specialist.

Indicators of the motor development of the child

There are standard indicators that demonstrate the motor activity of the child.

• The first month of a baby's life is accompanied by its minimal movement. Activity manifests itself during physiological needs. By the end of the first month, relaxation of the baby's muscles is planned, the pose typical of the fetus
• disappears. For the second month, the baby begins to turn his head, randomly waving his legs and arms
• . By the end of the third month of life, the movements cease to be chaotic. The child can already lie on his stomach and lift the torso. At this time, the organs of vision develop and the child with fascination observes the surrounding world.
• . At 4 - 5 months the child already has quite developed back muscles, he flexes the trunk, waving his hands with a toy in his hands. He may already lie on his side, turn himself from his back to his stomach. At 5 months the child can compress the object with the entire palm
• . By 9 months the baby learns to sit. At first, grabbing the wand or fingers of an adult. Then, yourself. Children begin to crawl on their own stomach. Some children can already stand by the support with the help of an adult. Develops the motor skills of the hands. The child can independently take objects, shift them from one hand to another
• Next stage - the child learns to stand and walk

After this, a new stage in the motor development of the baby begins.

Motor development of a child up to the year

The motor development of a child up to a year is the most important stage on the way to a healthy life. At this time, the baby develops muscles, bones and internal organs. It is at this time that the correct posture is laid. Parents can help the child's physical development. For this there are several generally accepted methods:

• Massage. There are many massage techniques that allow the child to develop properly and harmoniously. For each age there is a different technique, which is distinguished by a set of movements and pressure level
• Gymnastics. There are also several types of gymnastics for infants. Care should be taken with caution
• Games with the toddler also develop activity and stimulate physical health

Development of the infant and early childhood infant and child

activity. If in infancy, motor development develops in all children evenly, then in preschool age in different children it can significantlyis different. There are three types of motor activity in a child of preschool age:

• High activity level. Children with this type of activity are considered hyperactive. Mostly, they spend their time actively moving. They find it difficult to focus and calm down.
• Intermediate level. These children are happy to move and play active games. However, there may be some time to be at rest
• Low. Children with low levels of activity reluctantly play mobile games, quickly become tired. They are characterized by passivity and shyness

Motor development of children with cerebral palsy

Children with cerebral palsy have their own specificity of development of motor activity:

• The rates of development of motor functions in children with cerebral palsy are violated. In the first months of life, this manifests itself in reflex actions. With age, reflexes like grasping and pushing should disappear. Instead of them, grasping and pushing should develop as a response to stimuli. In children with cerebral palsy, reflexes are delayed for a long time, which does not allow the formation of arbitrary response reactions.
• Children with cerebral palsy later manage to hold their head much later. The period of development of this ability can last up to 5 months
• Sitting child with cerebral palsy learns only by 2-3 years
• Rigidity and circulation develops only at preschool age

Features of motor development of children with visual impairment

For children with visual impairment, some difficulties in developmentmotor activity. First of all, this is due to the child's inability to focus on some details.

There may be some delay with the ability to talk. But, by 3 - 4 years, she usually becomes more active. At conversation, the kid can not concentrate to describe one subject, sharply changes subjects. Poor vision also affects poorly moving games with peers.

At preschool age, it is parents who should maximally promote the motor activity of the baby with impaired vision. Stimulate it for active leisure and outdoor games.

The causes of delays and disorders of the motor development of the child

• Pathologies of muscle tone
• Parasites due to infectious diseases and heredity
• Hereditary neuromuscular diseases
• Myasthenia( muscle weakness)
• Cerebral Palsy

The most important element in the development of the child is the participation of loving parents in his life.

Video: Motor activity of children