What is hypertension? Causes, symptoms and treatment of hypertension. Drugs, medicines and vitamins from hypertension

Hypertension has already become an epidemic. The article describes the causes of hypertension, its symptoms, methods and means of treatment.

In Russia, about 465,000 people die of hypertension annually. And it's not only the elderly aged at the age of 70 years.

Even adolescents now need to measure blood pressure( BP) at least 2 times a year.

The main cause of hypertension is a lifestyle.

Causes of hypertension

Causes of hypertension are quite diverse, but even in textbooks they write that the exact cause can be determined only in 10-20%.In other cases, they talk about "essential hypertension".More precisely, about hypertension, the cause of which is unknown.

The main cause of the development of hypertension is the narrowing of the lumen of small vessels and the nervous overstrain.

As a result, the flow of blood becomes difficult, and the pressure of blood on the walls of the vessels increases. The heart has to work with effort to push a certain volume of blood through the narrowed lumens. This entails an increase in pressure.

Hypertension is a serious disease

Causes of narrowing of the lumen of vessels and strengthened heart work :

• problems with blood vessels, violation of elasticity, blockage, atherosclerosis( blockage of blood vessels with cholesterol plaques), age-related changes
• kidney disease: pyelonephritis, urolithiasis
• hormonal failures:contraceptives, menopause, endocrine system diseases, thyroid gland
• heart disease
• inflammation, head injury, spinal cord
• viral andfektsii: meningitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, etc.can raise AD
• diabetes mellitus
• adrenal gland tumor, pituitary gland - it happens very rarely
• taking some drugs - cyclosporine, glucocordicoids, erythropoietin beta, NSAIDs, amphitamins
• poisoning with mercury, cadmium, lead. Can be observed in those who are very sensitive to toxic substances or workers of harmful production
• nocturnal sleep apnea
• aortic narrowing - coarctation

The cause of hypertension

But the absolute majority of the causes of hypertension are the wrong lifestyle, nutrition :

• overweight
• stress at which an activeadrenaline rush
• excessive intake of salt that delays water, making it difficult for the kidneys to cause edema
• a sedentary lifestyle in which the movement of blood flowdneno. As a result, peripheral vascular resistance rises and pressure rises
• addictive habits - alcohol, smoking
• receiving a large amount of food before bedtime, which does not have time to digest and presses on the diaphragm, causing pressure build-up

Effect of smoking on the brains of the vessels

• nocturnal life - at 3 am, the production of hormones that regulate cardiovascular activity, as well as the endocrine system, is launched. If a person is awake, then an insufficient amount of such hormones is produced. With regular night wake, internal stress occurs, increased sugar and pressure
• lack of water in the body
• constant use of excess coffee
• constant rush in conjunction with workaholics and inability / unwillingness to rest. Even a small rush, for example, in solving an arithmetic problem, entails a short-term increase in blood pressure. A constant rush leads to hypertension
• an abundance of negative information, because of which the nervous system is overstrained. Stress hormones that discharge blood, increase pressure
• prolonged nervous tension, depression
• magnesium deficiency in blood

Vascular pathology

Degrees of hypertension

Allocate 3 degrees:

1. The first is the mild degree of .The systolic pressure is 140-159 mm Hg, and the diastolic pressure is 90-99 mm Hg. It is characterized by a non-stable level of pressure: it rises, and after a while without medication or other techniques( walking, yoga, swimming) comes back to norm
2. The second is a moderate degree of .Systolic - 160-179 mm Hg, diastolic - 100-109 mm Hg. It is characterized by stable long-term pressure increase, normal indices are rare. The level of "normal" pressure is shifted towards the increase and 120/80 mm Hg. It can already be considered as "low"
3. The third is the heavy degree of .Characterized by the fact that the pressure is stable high - more than 180/110 mm Hg, which is considered a pathological indicator. The likelihood of complications with the greatest

Danger of hypertension

What is dangerous hypertension?

Hypertension is dangerous for its effect on internal organs and blood vessels. There may be a heart attack, stroke, heart failure in an acute form, an aneurysm of the aorta, etc. These consequences are dangerous by an unexpected and rapid lethal outcome.

Influence of hypertension on vessels

Under the influence of increased pressure, the elasticity of the vessel walls changes. The vessels themselves are deformed and damaged: they expand, lengthen, become convoluted, they can flex, which further complicates the blood flow and further increases the pressure.

1 - extensive brain hemorrhage 2 - cyst after hemorrhage

Influence of hypertension on nerve cells

Hypertension, even the first stage, leads to circulatory disturbances in the brain, change of

• cells. Frequent headaches are provoked.
• . In the second and third stages, aneurysms appear in the vessels of the brain - small extensions, appearing due to stretching, thinning of the walls of the vessels
• With a sharp increase in pressure - hypertensive crisis, aneurysms may burst and provoke a hemorrhage, edema. At the site of the rupture, the scar is formed, the lumen of the vessel narrows, the brain cells are deteriorating, the sclerosis develops
• Ultimately, a stroke can occur

The left ventricular wall is hypertrophied

The effect of hypertension on the heart

Hypertension can cause:

• acute heart failure that leads to insufficient blood supply to
• organsischemic heart disease
• , which is accompanied by palpitations, lack of air, increased sweating, sometimes with a cough
• cardiogenic shock - an extreme degree of heart failure, the blood does not flow to the vital organs
• myocardial infarction

Kidney condition

Influence of hypertension on the kidneys

With increasing pressure in places where blood flow is difficult, protective mechanisms expand the vessels. At the same time, the blood goes to other organs in smaller volumes, which causes their oxygen starvation. When this process affects the kidneys, they produce substances that narrow the blood vessels. This provokes an increase in pressure even more. In the end, the kidneys can generally refuse.

External manifestations of intraocular hemorrhage

Effect of hypertension on vision

Because hypertension makes the circulatory system of the eye sinuous and the walls of the vessels thin, the eye does not receive enough nutrition. The optic nerve is deformed. Significantly increases the risk of hemorrhage within the eye. This can cause blindness if not treated in time.

Influence of hypertension on the reproductive system

In men, hypertension is fraught with impotence, because in the male organ due to obstruction of vessels, the narrowing of their walls, there is not enough blood to provide sexual function.

What are the symptoms of hypertension?

If the following symptoms even occur periodically in you - this is an occasion to acquire a tonometer and regularly check your blood pressure, there is a possibility of latent hypertension:

• Headache in the occipital, temporal and parietal areas. With loads, inclinations, pain intensifies
• Pain in the heart. The nature of pain can be different: aching, stitching, compressive. The pain may be prolonged, or may be a short-term repetitive
• Severe palpitation( tachycardia)
• Chills
• Sweating
• Face redness
• Dizziness, sensation of pulsation
• Noise in the ears
• Nose bleeds
• Sleep disorders
• Internal tension, irritability
• "Flies" before the eyes, pressure on the eyes
• Decreased mental capacity
• Rapid fatigue
• Swelling of the eyelids, face, hands
• Numbness in the fingers

But hypertension can flow and is perfecton asymptomatic. Sometimes they learn about hypertension already in the morgue.

Measure at least sometimes your pressure, even if it is usually 120/80 mmHg, especially if you feel bad.

Symptoms of

First aid for hypertension

If a person has increased pressure from mental or physiological overstrain and there is no hypertensive crisis, then it is enough to take measures:

1. to go to bed reclining, the head should be raised, it facilitates the outflow of blood from the brain
2. relax, turn off the phone, TV, dark room
3. unfasten tight clothes
4. to take a hot foot bath if the veins are not affected by the varicose extension
5. to drink sedative herbal preparations, But-Shp
6. eslit is very bad - to drink a mild antihypertensive drug: Captopril, Corinfar, Kapoten in a small dose of
7. if the condition repeats - go to the doctor, undergo an

examination. When a hypertensive crisis needs to be urgently addressed to the hospital

The hypertensive crisis characterizes the condition of :

• severe deterioration of the state of health, dizziness
• severe and severe headache in the occiput, may be accompanied by pulsation in the temples
• visual impairment due to disturbed blood flow in the retina, optic nerve
• ota, vomiting
• irritation, emotional arousal
• redness of facial skin, mucous
• constrictive chest pains
• shortness of breath due to heart strain
• convulsions possible

Hot water will relieve headache, lower blood pressure when hypertensive crisis

In this case:

1. Call an ambulance because the hypertensive crisis is fraught with consequences, and can last up to 3 or more hours.
2. . Follow steps 1-4 in anticipation of the arrival of a doctor.
3. Give the patient antihypertensive drugs in a dosage of 1/4 of the tablet every half hour. This is necessary so as not to cause a sharp drop in pressure, to prevent sudden narrowing of blood vessels and violation of blood circulation. You can use Captopril, Corinfar, Kapoten. The pressure should be measured before each intake of
4. . It is not recommended to drink water, it can provoke vomiting, which will cause pressure increase.
5. . If there are no tablets, take 2 tablets No-shps and sedatives: Valerian, Corvalol, Valocordin, Motherwort
6. . If bleeding starts, do notexperience, it is good, intracranial pressure decreases. Do not tilt the head, keep it flat, put a cold on the bridge of the nose, insert a swab in the nose

Drugs and remedies for hypertension

A method that would have cured hypertension forever has not been invented yet. All existing methods, if this does not apply to other diseases, are aimed at maintaining the pressure within the norm and preventing the elevation of blood pressure to critical levels.

Medications used in the complex:

• diuretics - vasodilators and diuretics
• calcium antagonists - are prescribed to stabilize the heart rhythm in arrhythmia, angina pectoris, cerebral atherosclerosis.
• angiotensin inhibitors - dilate the cavity of blood vessels and arteries. Prevent vasospasm, improve heart function
• angiotensin receptor blockers( sartans) - lower blood pressure for 24 hours, taken once in the morning or in the evening.
• β( beta) -adrenoconjunctors - normalizes the heart rate, which is accelerated at elevated pressure.
• α( alpha) -adrenoblockers - gently and gently expand the peripheral vessels, arteries
• sedatives

Hirudotherapy

In the treatment of hypertension and stabilization of the state, leeches have also proven themselves, which also contribute to the renewalthe whole organism.

You can use folk remedies - herbs that have soothing properties :

• chamomile
• dogrose
• valerian
• motherwort
• peppermint
• hawthorn
• green tea
• melissa officinalis
• honey
• citrus

One of the important elements of treatment is inner peace and the absence of stress andoverloads. Walking in nature is mandatory. Hypertensive patients should adhere to the correct regime of the day and follow a diet - the proper healthy diet.

Magnesium B6, fish oil

Vitamins for hypertension

There is a technique where the treatment of hypertension is based on strengthened doses of vitamins:

1. Magnesium + Vitamin B6.
   Magnesium expands the arteries, normalizes the work of the central nervous system, lowers cholesterol in the blood.
   Vitamin B6 ( pyridoxine ) contributes to the prevention of atherosclerosis, normalizes cholesterol metabolism
2. Taurine - amino acid, which normalizes the enhanced permeability of the cell membranes and prevents accelerated wear cells
3. Fish oil - regulates the exchange vitamins , calcium and phosphorus, contains polyunsaturated fatty acids .Extends the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle, reduces the formation of thrombi

Vitamins are an essential element in hypertension

Also necessary vitamins are , B1 , B2 , E , With , PP , P .

• Vitamin A : boosts healthy cholesterol in the blood, strengthens blood vessels, keeps the heart, keeps eyesight
• Vitamin C: maintains vascular elasticity, accompanies lipid metabolism, normalizes cholesterol, prevents atherosclerosis
• Vitamin B1, thiamine: normalizes carbohydrate metabolism, improves cardiacactivity, stabilizes the nervous system. Used for spasm of peripheral vessels, cardiac muscle dystrophy,
• Vitamin B2, riboflavin: participates in the redox process, controls the capillary circulation
• Vitamin B4, choline: lowers cholesterol, regulates the synthesis of nucleic acids, prevents atherosclerosis
• Vitamin PP, nicotinic acid: improves blood circulation, increases vascular tone, dilates blood vessels supplying blood to the brain, speeds up blood flow.
• Vitamin P, rutin: strengthens blood vessels, improves blood flowtheir strength, elasticity, reduces the permeability of capillaries

The necessary vitamins

In addition, it is necessary to maintain the level of potassium, phosphorus and calcium.

• Potassium: has an easy diuretic effect, removes excess sodium, stabilizes the heart rate, prevents the development of myocardial infarction
• Phosphorus: ensures the normal functioning of the body. In conjunction with other elements, it breaks fats, prevents atherosclerosis. Regulates the functioning of the muscular, nervous systems
• Calcium: strengthens the walls of the vessels, increases their elasticity, elasticity, strength, prevents constriction of blood vessels. According to the study, calcium is able to prevent hypertension in 75% of

The intake of fat-soluble vitamins A, D and especially K should be limited to .

Admission from a cardiologist

Hypertension in the elderly

In people after 60 years of age, hypertension is manifested and aggravated, primarily due to age-related changes in the blood vessels and heart.

• Increased pressure can cause diabetes, pyelonephritis
• In elderly( over 75 years), isolated systolic hypertension appears more often. This increases systolic pressure, and the diastolic pressure remains normal. Such a condition requires the control of a cardiologist
• . Also, often the pressure rises when the medical personnel see it, it is the hypertension of the "white coat".At the same time, in a domestic setting, the pressure in a person does not exceed the norm. Such a condition requires control, but the risk of cardiovascular problems in such individuals is not high.

In the treatment of hypertension in the elderly, doctors seek :

• to stabilize the pressure of
• to support the cardiovascular system
• to reduce the risk of developing a heart attack, ischemia, heart failure
• to prevent the occurrence of chronic kidney failure

Physical Exercises

Treatment of elderly patients begins with a nutritional correction: they limit salt intake, reduce weight, if necessaryst. If the measures did not bring the pressure back to normal, then prescribe light antihypertensive drugs, for example, diuretics. And the dose should be 2 times less than for patients of middle age, as the risk of complications is significantly increased.

Calcium antagonists prevent the development of strokes with isolated systolic hypertension. Beta-blockers and alpha-adrenoblockers are prescribed with caution, they can cause negative side effects in the elderly.

Hypertension "younger"

Hypertension in adolescents

The main causes of teenage hypertension :

• prolonged nervous overexertion combined with low physical activity
• kidney disease: renal, renal, autoimmune, tumor
• coarctation of the aorta
• obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, at risk children with an ENT problems, obesity, with a weak jaw
• bronchopulmonary dysplasia
• heredity

Sedentary lifestyle promotes the development of hypertension

Treatment of adolescents against hypertension begins with a lifestyle correction :

1. Reduces the amount of salt eaten. Smoked meat, any sausages, lard, salted fish, chips, salted rusks and nuts, marinades, fast food - are excluded from the diet.
2. . A set of loads is chosen: exercise therapy, walking, swimming. For children with obesity, the
3. diet is selected. Exceptions to stresses, one should try to avoid any conflicts at home, at school
4. Apply herbal sedatives
5. Consult a therapist if prolonged anxiety conditions are observed
6. Exceptions of smoking and alcohol use

If these methods did not help, use medication. As a rule, the selection of medicines for children begins with the use of one drug in the lowest possible dosage.
If it does not help, then increase the dosage, inject additional medications. The drugs are the same as in adults.

Therapeutic physical training

Physical activities in hypertension

The types of exercise in hypertension are quite diverse :

• Swimming
• Yoga
• Walking. Start better with 2 km and every 2 weeks add 50 meters and bring up to 4-5 km per day
• Gymnastics in the water
• Charge, therapeutic exercises
• Dancing, best oriental, ballroom
• Cycling on a bike at a moderate pace

Such physicalLoads train and strengthen muscles, stimulate blood circulation, promote weight loss, exert minimal stress on the joints.

The intensity and load should be adjusted, relying on well-being, heart rate( from 220 subtract the full years, no more) and the level of pressure.

Before classes, consult your doctor about the type, intensity of exercise, and their combination with taking medication.

When hypertension is also helped by herbs

What is hypertension and how to deal with it: advice and feedback

• It is impossible to engage in self-medication of hypertension, because the patient can not take into account all the factors influencing the organism of the drugs used. In addition, the dosage and combination should be selected individually. In addition, the cause to determine independently without testing is very problematic.
• Pressure should be measured regularly, even young, especially if there are excessive permanent loads, since hypertension in the initial stage can still be cured
• For the prevention of hypertension it is worth maintaining a healthy lifestyle, physicalform and psychological balance

Valentin, 32:

After the wedding he lived with his wife and mother-in-law. They are wonderful, they cook well, but they overeat the food, although I quickly got used to it. After a year, the pressure jumped to 160/90, the drugs did not help much, the cause could not be found. After 2 years, fate brought with a wonderful doctor who "planted on a diet with a minimum salt content" - standard 5 gr. After a month, the pressure stabilized at 125/80.The wife and mother-in-law took about 4-5 months for similar results.

Marina, 40 years old:

Feel good. True, sometimes my head ached, I was often very tired( but the work was tense), before my eyes there were almost always "flies", but wrote off to severe short-sightedness. At the girlfriend has measured pressure "for the company" - 150/95!

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