Analysis of feces for latent blood, coprogram, eggs worm, carbohydrates, calprotektin, enterobiosis, dysbacteriosis, parasites, protozoa, Helicobacter, lamblia, UPF - decoding, norm

How much feces do I need to analyze an adult and a child?

How much feces do I need to take the test for an adult and a child?

• Different sources differently determine the amount of stool
• needed for the analysis. In some sources, this figure is 10-15g, and in some - one or two teaspoons
• Of course, it's difficult to determine the weight of the stool by eye, so we recommend taking it in a container byone special spoon from different parts of the stool - that is, four spoons from the four sides and one from the middle of the
• . If there are special areas where blood or other uncharacteristic feces are observed, it is better to grab theseki
• norm for kids considered two special spoon from the container for the stool

What to take a stool sample: jar for stool analyzes?

Container for feces - the most convenient container for the analysis of feces

• It's been a long time ago when the feces passed in mayonnaise jars
• Firstly, such jars today are already difficult to find in general
• Secondly, with the analysis of stool, the sterility of the container is extremely important, and it is unlikely to guarantee a 100% disinfection of the mayonnaise jarsomeone can
• Third, why puzzle yourself over how to wash this notorious jar, if you can get a special capacity for the feces collection
• in the pharmacy? Such a jar is inexpensive, and there are no problems with it at all
• The modern plastic container for feces collection consists of a plastic container and a lid
• The cap of the container is equipped with a convenient small spoon for feces collection
• With this spoon it is easy to control the amount of the collected material

How much can the feces be stored for analysis in the refrigerator?

How much can I store feces in the refrigerator?

• Ideally, the feces should be delivered to the laboratory 40-50 minutes after the fence
• If this does not happen, store the feces outside the refrigerator only for up to 60 minutes
• In the refrigerator, the stool is best kept for up to 8 hours.
• In some cases it is permitted to storestool in the refrigerator up to 12 hours, and some laboratories can take even daily feces - all this should be discussed with a specific laboratory in which the analysis will be performed.

Analysis of feces for latent blood - interpretation, norm

Decoding and norms analiz on the latent blood

With abundant internal bleeding, blood in the feces will be visible to the naked eye.

However, there are cases when there is suspicion of bleeding, but there is no blood in the feces.

In such situations, a patient can be assigned a fecal occult blood test.

This analysis allows using the latest equipment to detect the presence of blood particles in the stool.

When submitting an analysis for occult blood, you must adhere to all the rules listed above. However, there are limitations for this analysis:

1. It is also advisable to refrain from taking iron-containing preparations
2. several days before the analysis. It is also advisable to refrain from eating iron-laden foods like liver, apples, buckwheat, chocolate, chicken eggs, greens and by-products
3. A couple of days before the test is done, it is recommended that you stop brushing your teeth with a toothbrush
4. Cal for analysis of latent blood should not be frozen - the temperature in the place of storage should not be below +5 degrees.

Normally,be found traces of blood. In other words, the result of the analysis should be negative.

Analysis of feces for coprogram - interpretation, norm

Decoding and norms of analysis for coprogram

Analysis of feces for coprogramme allows to reveal failures in the work of gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and also to assess the state of intestinal microflora.

During the stool test, the laboratory technician analyzes almost all the characteristics of the stool - color, consistency, shape, odor, presence of foreign impurities and undigested food.

To decipher the analysis of feces on the coprogram we will give the norm indicators in the article:

• Number of feces - 100-200g per day, with vegetarian regime - 400-500g
• Fecal consistency - dense, vegetarians - mushy
• Feces form - cylindrical
• Odor of feces - unsharp;more concentrated - with a saturated meat diet and putrefactive dyspepsia, less pronounced - with protein and vegetable diets, locks
• Color of feces - brown;with an abundance in the diet of dairy products - light brown, meat - dark brown;some products( coffee, chocolate, beetroot, black currant, blackberry) can give stools darker shades
• Mucus - absent
• Blood - absent
• Pus - absent
• undigested food - absent
• Stool reaction is neutral, permissible is slightly alkaline or slightly acidic,with protein diet - alkaline, with carbohydrate - acid
• reaction to latent blood - negative
• Response to strobobilin - positive
• Reaction to bilirubin - negative;in children up to nine months can be positive
• Vishnyakov-Tribulus reaction - negative
• Muscle fibers - absent, single rare fibers
• Connective tissue - absent
• Fat - absent
• Fatty acids - absent
• Salts of fatty acids - absent, small amount allowed
• Vegetablecellulose - single cells in p / z
• Starch - absent, can be present as single cells
• Iodophilic microflora - single in n / z
• Epithelium - ocan exist as single cells
• Leukocytes are absent, can be present as single cells
• Red blood cells - absent
• Worm eggs - absent
• Pathogenic protozoa - absent
• Yeast cells - absent
• Calcium oxalate - absent
• Crystals of tripple phosphates - none

As can be seen from the analysis of the analyzes, the coprogram is an all-encompassing analysis and includes almost all the stool tests that exist today.

Analysis of feces for eggs of worms, helminths - interpretation, norms

Decoding and norm of analysis for eggs worm

• Analysis of feces for eggs of worms allows to detect traces of stay of helminths
• in the stool During the study, particles of larva shells can be found in feces, and not themselvesworms
• Normally, in deciphering the analysis of stool for worms, all the species of helminths should have the word "negative"
• . You can find out more about the analysis of feces for eggs worm here - http: //heaclub.ru/ analizy-krovi-i-kala-na-glisty-u-vzroslyh-i-detej-analiz-kala-na

  General analysis of stool - interpretation, norm

  Decoding and norms of general stool analysis

  Decoding and indicators of the norm of general analysisfeces are absolutely identical to the decoding and norms of the coprogram

  Analysis of feces for carbohydrates in infants - interpretation, norm

  Decoding and norms of analysis of feces for carbohydrates in infants

  • analysis kala on carbohydrates in infants is called to reveal the baby the presence of lactase deficiency
  • Lactase deficiency - is the inability of the processing of milk sugar( lactose)
  • fact that sometimes in infants before birth or after they begin to develop lactase deficiency
  • This disease is fraught withthe fact that the only source of food crumbs in the first months of life is breast milk, and the inability to absorb it can lead to serious consequences
  • If the pancreaseza produces little or not at all produces a special enzyme lactase, then the level of carbohydrates in the feces of the baby will be too high
  • norm is the presence in the feces grudnichka to 12 months of carbohydrates - up to 0,25%
  • Kal carbohydrates must be transported to the laboratory no more than fourhours after its collection
  • feces on carbohydrates may be frozen at -25 degrees
  • Thawing and refreezing feces on carbohydrates smoking

  fecal calprotectin - decoding norm

  Explanationand standards for the analysis of feces for calprotectin

  Calpal analysis for calprotectin is prescribed by a doctor if the patient is suspected of having various types of bowel disease.

  Calprotectin is a protein secreted by leukocytes.

  Its high concentration indicates inflammation in the intestine.

  Standards of calprotectin in the faeces of people of different ages can be called:

  • 1-6 months - to 538
  • 0,5-3 years - up to 214
  • 3-4 years - up to 75
  • Children over 4 years of age - up to 50
  • Adults - within50

  Indicators bordering on the norm and exceeding it, are grounds for further monitoring of the patient or the appointment of additional studies.

  Analysis of faeces and scraping for enterobiasis - interpretation, norm

  Analysis of faeces for enterobiasis

  • The main task of analyzing feces or scraping for enterobiasis is to identify the presence of worms in humans
  • Cal on enterobiasis should be collected according to the instructions described above
  • In order to do scraping on enterobiasis, you can go to the laboratory
  • Directly in the laboratory, the lab technician will take a scrap
  • . Some private laboratories practice putting responsibility on the patients themselves - that is,staples the person does at home itself

  Scheme of scraping for enterobiasis

  Here is the procedure for scraping at home:

  Method number 1

  1. Preparing the container for scraping
  2. Take a clean cotton swab
  3. We spread the buttocks
  4. Clean the cotton swab around the anal hole several times
  5. We lay the cotton swabin the container

  Method number 2

  1. We buy a special set for scraping
  2. Take the slide from the package
  3. Unstick the sticky tape
  4. We spread the buttocks
  5. applying the adhesive tape to the anus on
  6. few seconds Remove the tape from the skin and return it on a glass slide
  7. Shipment glass

  package in deciphering the analysis of feces or scraping on enterobiosis it will be given a list of worms that can reveal this study.

  Normally, each of the parasite names should have a negative result.

  bacteriological and biochemical analysis of fecal dysbacteriosis - decoding norm

  biochemical and bacteriological analysis of fecal stool

  study a dysbacteriosis is intended to analyze the composition and concentration of the microflora in the intestine.

  Intestinal microflora in tests for dysbacteriosis is represented by a number of bacteria - useful and harmful.

  Based on the fact of the presence and concentration of bacteria, we can draw conclusions about the state of the intestinal microflora.

  The intestinal microflora of children under one year and adults is significantly different, therefore, in the article will be given those and other indicators of the norm for analysis for dysbiosis:

  In children up to one year:

  • bifidobacteria - 10¹º - 10¹¹
  • lactobacilli - 106 - 107
  • echreichia -106 - 107
  • bacteroides - 107 - 108
  • peptospecTococci - 10³ - 105
  • enterococci - 105 - 107
  • saprophytic staphylococci ≤104
  • pathogenic staphylococci - absent
  • clostridia ≤10³
  • candida ≤10³
  • pathogenic enterobacteria -absent

  In children older than one year and adults:

  • bifidobacteria - 108 - 10¹ °
  • lactobacilli - 106 - 108
  • aserchia - 106 - 108
  • bacteroides - 107 - 108
  • pepto-retectococci - 105 - 106
  • enterococci - 105 - 108
  • saprophytic staphylococci≤104
  • pathogenic staphylococci - absent
  • clostridium ≤105
  • candida ≤104
  • pathogenic enterobacteria - absent

  parasite stool analysis - interpretation, norm

  Decoding and standards for parasitic feces analysis

  • When analyzing ka parasites can use one of the types of analyzes already described, such as scraping, faecal analysis for enterobiasis, or general stool analysis( coprogram)
  • . In the analysis, all types of parasites that can recognize this analysis can be identified and the presence of these parasites in the patient

  Stool analysis for the simplest

  Stool analysis for the simplest

  The analysis of feces for the simplest is done in order to reveal the presence of the simplest organisms in humans.

  Such organisms can cause a variety of diseases and conditions of a person.

  During the study, the feces for the simplest laboratory technician are able to detect the following organisms:

  • Lamblias - uninvited inmates of the biliary tract and liver causing diseases such as cholecystitis or cholangitis
  • Amoebas causing amoebiasis that causes constant diarrhea and depletion of the body
  • Blastocytes are conditionally pathogenicbacteria, which in large concentration are dangerous for groups of people weakened by diseases( diabetes, HIV, hepatitis, oncological diseases, tuberculosis)
  • Infusoria - nbaldiatiasis - the process of the appearance of multiple ulcers on the intestinal mucosa

  The norm when passing feces analysis to the protozoa is the absence of all the above-mentioned organisms

  Analysis of feces for dysentery

  Analysis of feces for dysentery

  To detect dysentery in the human body, it is necessary only to pass a general analysis of feces( coprogram).

  In the interpretation of the analysis in the presence of dysentery, many standard values ​​will be violated:

  • Stool consistency - pulpy or liquid
  • Shape - unformed stool
  • Color - clear, colorless or reddish-pink with blood in it
  • Mucus - present
  • Blood - may be present
  • Leukocytes - are present
  • Epithelial cells - are abundantly present

  Fecal analysis for Helicobacter pylori

  Fecal analysis for Helicobacter pylori

  • Helicobacter pylori is a spiral bacterium that lives in the stomach or duodenum. Infecting a person with this bacterium can lead to all sorts of diseases - gastritis, stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer, as well as oncological diseases of the stomach and duodenum
  • There are several ways to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the human body: blood test, respiratory test, biopsy with cytology, ureasetest and analysis of feces
  • In order to identify Helicobacter chylori in the stool of a person, the analysis of PCR on Helicobacter pylori
  • antigen is used In other words, in the stool of the foreheadsthe lab technician attempts to detect the DNA of the bacterium
  • . In deciphering the result of the analysis, Helicobacter pylori will be indicated whether the test is positive or negative.
  • Positive results indicate the presence of this bacterium, and negative - about its absence.

  Analysis of stool on the UPF( conditionally pathogenic flora) - salmonellosis

  Salmonella - the cause of salmonella

  • Stool analysis in PFU is the same stool analysis for
  • dysbacteriosis This study allows you to detect and analyze the conditions conditionally pathogenic flora or intestinal microflora
  • The deciphering of the analysis can be found in this article in the "Analysis of stool for dysbiosis"
  • One of the diseases that can be diagnosed with the analysis of feces on UPF is salmonellosis
  • Salmonella pathogens are the bacteria of the genus Salmonella
  • Varietiessuch bacteria that can affect the human stomach, a huge amount( about a hundred)
  • The action of salmonella in the human body leads to its intoxication and dehydration,can result in hospitalization and long-term treatment

  What does tsitrobakter in feces analysis?

  TSitrobakter in the analysis of feces

  • Tsitrobakter is a bacterium related to the conditionally pathogenic human flora
  • That is why its presence and concentration in the human stomach can be detected by analyzing the feces for PFD or the dysbacteriosis
  • The norm of the cytobacter should be no more than 10 in the fourthdegree
  • Exceeding the concentration of this bacterium speaks about the dysbacteriosis
  • In addition, citrobacter can lead to such serious diseases as gastritis, gastroenteritis, brain abscess, meningitis, urological diseasessepsis and purulent infections

  Fecal analysis for antibiotic sensitivity - interpretation, norm

  Decoding and norm of stool analysis for antibiotic sensitivity

  • Feces analysis for antibiotic sensitivity - this is the same bacterial culture or analysis on PFD
  • If necessary, determinesusceptibility to antibiotics, on sown bacteria, they test their response to a number of antibacterial drugs
  • This study helps to determine the presence of bacterial disease andfurther treatment of
  • In deciphering the analysis of stool for antibiotic sensitivity, each letter of antibacterial drugs will be preceded by either the letter S or the letter R
  • The letter S indicates that the antibiotic will be effective in controlling this type of bacteria
  • The letter R, in turn, will indicate that the bacterium is resistant to this group of antibiotics, and their use in the fight against it is absolutely useless.

  Analysis of feces for rotavirus - interpretation, norm

  Decoding and norm of analysis of feces for potavirus infection

  • Rotavirus infection is a disease that is typical for almost all infants and children
  • The rotavirus can be detected in the child with the help of the analysis of feces for rotavirus
  • . In the course of the analysis, the lab technician attempts to detect the antigen of the VP6 group A
  • in the test material.it is very simple - either it is positive and the virus is present;either it is negative, and there is no rotavirus for the baby

  Analysis of feces for pancreatic elastase - interpretation, norm

  Decoding and norm of analysis for pancreatic elastase

  An analysis of feces for pancreatic elastase is a study capable of analyzing the pancreas.

  Elastase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas.

  Insufficient amount of this enzyme indicates a violation in the pancreas.

  Analysis of stool for elastase:

  • Index from 200MKG per 1 g of calatase elastase is the norm
  • Index from 100MKG to 200MKG - mild or moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
  • Index to 100MKG - severe form of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

  Reduction of elastase level may not indicateonly about exocrine insufficiency, but also about other diseases of the pancreas, bile ducts, liver.

  Analysis of feces for allergens - interpretation, norms

  Decoding and norms of analysis of feces for allergens

  • Analysis of feces for allergic reactions in children includes a whole complex of analyzes - this is coprogram, and analysis for dysbiosis, and analysis for carbohydrates
  • . In case of irritation of the childof the organism by any allergen, one or even several of the above tests may show abnormalities

  Analysis of feces for opisthorchiasis - interpretation, norm

  Decipherment and standards of analysis of feces for opisthorchiasis

  • Opisthorchias Iis caused by the parasitic disease caused by the defeat of the human body with
  • helminths. The causative agent of the opisthorchiasis is the cat fluke
  • . It is possible to detect this parasite in the human body by analyzing the feces on the eggs.
  • . If the analysis of feces on the eggs of the feline fluke is positive, then the patient may be considered to have opisthorchiasis

  What does it mean in the analysis of feces starch?

  What does the presence of starch indicate in the analysis of feces?

  • Normally, in the results of the coprogram, starch in the feces should be absent
  • If starch was detected in the feces, this indicates the presence of the so-called amylorhea
  • Amylorrhea can signal the failure of many digestive system, pancreas and intestine
  • in the feceschildren up to a year of starch in stool can be present, and this will be considered the norm

  What does yeast fungus mean in the analysis of feces?

  What does the presence of yeast fungi in the analysis of feces indicate?

  • The presence of yeast fungi in the feces speaks of a human disease such as candidiasis of the intestine
  • The causative agent of the candidiasis of the intestine is a conditionally pathogenic bacterium of the genus Candida
  • To detect such a disease with the help of an analysis of stool on UPF or dysbacteriosis

  How to take a feces analysis during pregnancy?

  How to take an analysis of feces during pregnancy?

  The rules for taking a feces analysis during pregnancy are no different from the rules for taking stool analysis by other people.

  Very often, women suffer from anemia during pregnancy, and doctors prescribe them iron-containing preparations. A few days before the test, the woman should refrain from taking this type of drug.

  General stool analysis: Video

  Fecal occult blood test: Video

  Stool analysis for dysbiosis: Video