Mastoiditis: characteristics, symptoms, treatment features and prognosis

Mastoiditis is a pathological process that is accompanied by inflammation that affects the cellular structure of the mastoid process. It is focused on the temporal bone behind the ear. The structure of this process is designed in such a way that there are bone cavities there. Their contents are air. The development of the pathological process is due to the fact that the cell affects the infection, resulting in the formation of secondary mastoiditis. He has more serious signs and irregularities.

How to recognize a disease

The disease in question can have common and local symptoms.

To the general stands:

• temperature rise;
• general malaise;
• change in the composition of lymph.

But the local symptoms are accompanied by a strong pain in the head and in the ear. The general clinical picture does not differ from manifestations of purulent acute otitis media. Sometimes the pathological process begins to form not after acute otitis, but with it. At the same time, the temperature indicators are not rising much. The blood composition changes for the reason that leukemia occurs. This leads to an increase in ESR, resulting in decreased appetite.

Mastoiditis is characterized by painful sensations. They can be traced during probing and in the zone of the mastoid process. In some patients, the pain affects the sex of the head in the area of ​​the lesion and over time it becomes intense.

A characteristic symptom of the pathology remains pain when probing the percussion of the process, extraneous noise in the ear, clouding in the head. Also for the disease is characterized by an overhang of the posterior upper wall of the auditory canal.

As a result, periostitis may develop. The pathological contents begin to exert pressure on the front wall. Sometimes this becomes the cause of fistula development. Through her purulent contents affects the auditory canal.

If we consider the symptoms of mastoiditis at the last stage of development, the patient has a violation of bone septa and enlightened areas. They are formed by the formation of cavities.

Types

Given the nature of the flow and clinical picture, the disease is divided into several types:

1. Chronic .This variant pathology can diagnose in those people who already once suffered from acute mastoiditis. The reason for the pathological process is the insufficient removal of the affected area during the operation. In small patients, the chronic form of the disease occurs against the background of diathesis, rickets, tuberculosis. For the chronic form of mastoiditis, general malaise, pain in the ear and head, poor appetite, weight loss, purulent discharge from the nose, having an unpleasant smell.
   

   Chronic mastoiditis

2. Acute .This form of mastoiditis occurs against the background of complication of the inflammation of the middle ear. Its flow proceeds in stages. In the course of the pathological process, the mucous membrane becomes denser.
   

   Acute mastoiditis

3. Two-sided .Mastoiditis of this type has even more complications. So do not delay the treatment, and immediately seek help with the first symptoms.
   

   Double sided mastoidite

4. Left-hand and right-hand .The treatment and symptomatology of these ailments is the same. But taking into account the stage of the disease form a different scheme of therapy.
5. Atypical. There is no pain syndrome for this type of disease. The patient's condition is stable, there are no worsening. Symptoms may occur that indicate poisoning.
6. Exudative .This pathological process is distinguished by its persistence and progressiveness. If the adequate therapy is started in time, then it can be cured as quickly, so it started.

On video treatment of mastoiditis:

Each of these types of disease requires surgery by a physician. Given the type of pathology, he can make an effective therapy scheme.

Treatment in an adult

Therapy of mastoiditis in an adult man is reduced to the use of conservative, folk and operative methods. The choice of the appropriate variant is carried out taking into account the stage and is characteristic of the course of the pathological process.

Conservative treatment of

If mastoiditis has been diagnosed, conservative therapies are most often prescribed.

This treatment is limited to the following rules:

1. The patient should be at rest.
2. Use of antifungal and anti-inflammatory drugs.
3. Coping the main manifestations of the inflammatory process.
4. Outflow of pus discharge from the middle ear.
5. Intensive use of medicines.

It is advisable to apply conservative therapy methods at the initial stage of the development of the disease. If the positive dynamics are not traced, then the doctor decides on the appointment of surgery.

Removal of

An operation to remove mastoiditis is called anthrotomy. Its essence is that the patient is given a local anesthetic, then the surgeon makes an incision of the skin and soft tissues. It separates the periosteum from the bone substance. He does this with a special device called a respirator. After this, an opening of the process itself is observed and the surface lamina of the bone substance is removed. At the end, the doctor flushes the appendix cavity and bandages the ear.

Surgical method of therapy involves hospitalization of the patient. After discharge, the patient must visit the doctor at a strictly fixed time, until the wound does not heal. In addition, it is necessary to use auxiliary methods for physiotherapy. The patient undertakes to take vitamins, adhere to bed rest and eat right. As a rule, after the operation, the outcome is favorable, especially when it comes to this process correctly.

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Folk remedies

In folk medicine, there are only a few ways to treat mastoiditis. But you can not get rid of pathology with their help. All that is possible from such treatment is to stop the pain. For these purposes, you can use the washing of the ear canals tincture or decoction from the petals of roses.

If the pain in the ear is shooting, then you need to perform steam inhalation and warming. You need to tilt your head above the vessel, from which the steam comes, cover it with a towel. After this procedure, it is necessary to drip into the ear wormwood-milk solution and fix it all with a cotton swab.

You can get rid of pain in the ears with the help of heat. To this end, use a bag of warm salt or sand. You can take a plastic bottle, fill it with hot water and wrap it in a towel. Apply it as a compress. Instead of a bottle, you can use a heating pad. But how can a decoction of ginger for cold help, and how to properly prepare it, you can learn from this article.

Treatment in a child

Therapeutic measures to eliminate mastoiditis in children can be conservative or operational.

When choosing the appropriate option consider such factors:

• the age of the patient;
• history of the pathological process;
• general health status;
• during the malaise.

Treatment is carried out in a hospital. Very often, therapy needs full hospitalization. In the therapy scheme, the doctor includes antibacterial drugs that are injected through an intravenous catheter.

Most often, these antibiotics can be used:

• Amoxiclav( and here's how to use Amoxiclav in angina, this article will help you understand);
  

  Amoxiclav for the child

• Cefuroxime;
  

  Cefuroxime

• Augmentin.
  

  Augmentin

Take them within 14 days. If there is no positive dynamics, the doctor may prescribe another drug.

In case of severe illness the child is prescribed an operation.

Surgical intervention is to remove fluid from the middle ear cavity. For this purpose, myringotomy is performed. It is necessary to do a hole in the eardrum, and a pipe is installed in it, through which the mucus of the pathogenic liquid will occur. Thanks to such measures, it is possible to lower the pressure in the middle ear. In addition, through the inserted tube, antibiotics are administered.

If the conservative treatment has not yielded positive results or complications are observed, the doctor prescribes an anthromastoidotomy. The essence of the operation is that it is necessary to open the mastoid process. Perform the procedure under general anesthesia.

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Forecast

Unambiguous forecast for the complete elimination of the pathological process in the ear after certain therapies are absent. The reason is that each patient has its own peculiarities of the organism's functioning and the course of the pathology. If the disease is not neglected and is at the initial stage, then it is worth trying to cure mastoiditis with the help of conservative therapy. But there is no exact guarantee that it will bring a positive result.

Similarly, we can say about surgical treatment. For visual visibility, the picture is needed so that the patient is constantly under the supervision of a doctor. The more inspections will be carried out, the more accurate the forecast will be.

Mastoiditis is a pathological process that is accompanied by painful sensations in the ear and purulent secretions. In this case, the patient's body temperature rises and general malaise is observed. Cope with the disease can be using conservative or operational methods. The choice of a suitable treatment depends on the stage of mastoiditis and its clinical picture.