When used in relation to a person such a concept as the blood group, we mean groups designated by the system AB0 and Rh, which means the Rh factor. The first is calculated by the presence or absence of certain antigens in the blood, the second sign is lipoprotein, a special protein, either it is in the blood or not. Is the blood group passed to the children? How do you know which group is inherited by the baby? To these questions, which are of interest to many parents, today there are answers.
What are the blood groups
The developed system AB0, according to which for today the calculation of the blood group is based on the order of the location of antigens, which conditionally denote A, B and 0. They are located on the outsideth shell of red blood cells, often we hear the name of the red blood cells.
This system identifies four groups:
- l( 0) - the absence of A and B antigens;
- ll( A) - the presence of only A antigen;
- lll( B) - there is only antigen B;
- lV( AB) - both antigens are present.
This division occurs according to the principle of blood compatibility, since a person with a certain group is not recommended to transfuse inappropriate blood, which does not suit him. When carrying out such a procedure, the body will have to fight with antigens, absent in its blood.
The test for determining the blood type of a person and such an important characteristic as a Rh factor is easy to carry out, specialists in a conventional laboratory simply add antibodies to the patient's blood and observe the reaction to them.
to the table of contents ^What determines the blood group of a child
Everyone should know their blood group in case they have to perform a transfusion procedure, especially for young children, parents must know the group of their children. In the maternity hospital, the child immediately after childbirth is given an analysis to calculate the blood group index and the Rhesus factor inheritance. And too curious parents even before the baby is born can determine with a high probability what kind of blood will get to the crumb, because, of course, that the blood group of parents affects the result of the child. How? Everything happens according to the laws of genetics, since genes A and B are considered dominant, and recessive is 0. Man always gets one gene from each of the parents, therefore, in simplified form, the genotypes are as follows:
- the first( l) -00: children will inherit 0;
- second( ll) - AA or A0;
- the third( lll) - BB or B0: inheritance can occur in equal measure;
- the fourth( lV) - AB: the child will receive A or B.
Based on which group belongs to the parents, it is possible to calculate the children's blood variants, and basically it will coincide, there are exceptions when the child's blood group differs from the parent.
Blood group from the parents
The table shows the ratio of the blood group of parents and theirfuture children.
| Mom + Pole | Possible options for the preparation of the I group | Possible options for the preparation of the II group | Possible options for the preparation of the III group | Possible options for obtaining the IV group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I + I | I( 100%) | - | - | - | ||||
| I + II | I(50%) | II( 50%) | I( 50%) | II( 50%) | I( 50%) | I( 50%) | I( 50%%) | - |
| II + II | I( 25%) | II( 75%) | - | - | ||||
| II + III | I( 25%) | II( 25%) | I( 25%) | IV%) | ||||
| II + IV | - | II( 50%) | III( 25%) | IV( 25%) | ||||
| III + III | I( 25%) | - | III( 75%) | - | ||||
| III + IV | - | II( 25%) | III( 50%) | IV( 25%) | ||||
| IV + IV | - | II( 25%) | III( 25%) | IV( 50%) |
The Rh factor is
The lipoprotein is a protein, it means the Rh factor, thisprotein is very specific and for the most part of humanity( 85%) on the membranes of red blood cells is present and these people are Rh-positive, and those people in whose blood it is absent are considered Rh-negative. The absence and presence of this protein does not affect human health, but with the Rh factor incompatibility of the blood group, in some cases, parents may have some problems with conception and even with fetal bearing.
to the table of contents ^Rhesus conflict is
When the Rh blood of the mother is negative, and the result of the father of the future child is positive against the background of incompatibility, the Rh syndrome can develop. In the prevalent number of cases, according to statistics, 75%, the future fetus receives a paternal rhesus, this incompatibility causes the aggression of the maternal organism in relation to the red blood cells of the child, which she considers to be alien. Immunity begins the production of antibodies and seeks to destroy the "enemy".
Losing red blood cells, the fetus's organism tries to produce new ones, this process leads to problems with the liver and spleen, they begin to increase in size and often the situation ends with brain damage or even fetal death.
Usually, at the first pregnancy, the risk is not so great, but with each subsequent it is constantly increasing.
Influence of the Rh factor on the blood group
It is not difficult to determine the inheritance of the Rh factor, if there is no protein in the blood of both parents, it will also be absent from the child, if it is in the blood of the parents, in 4 out of 5 cases it is inherited by the toddler, there is also an exception when there is no protein, but this occurs in only 1 out of 5 cases. If the mother + Rh, and the papa -Rh or vice versa, the absence or presence of protein in the blood of the unborn child determines the probability( in percent).
to contents ^Inheritance of the Rh factor of
To determine which Rh factor the child inherits, there is a simple table.
| Father | Mother | child | probability of conflict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plus | Plus | 75% plus 25% minus | No |
| Plus | Less | 50% plus 50% minus | 50% |
| Less | Plus | 50% plus 50% minus | No |
| Less | Less | Less than | No |
Determination of sex by blood group
There is a theory that it is possible to know the sex of a future child by the ratio of blood groups of parents. Probability, of course, is not absolute.
| Blood mother | father's blood group is the most probable sex of the baby | |
|---|---|---|
| I | I | Girl |
| II | I | Boy |
| III | I | Girl |
| IV | I | Boy |
| I | II | Boy |
| II | II | Girl |
| III | II | Boy |
| IV | II | Girl |
| I | III | Girl |
| II | III | Boy |
| III | III | Boy |
| IV | III | Boy |
| I | IV | Boy |
| II | IV | Girl |
| III | IV | Boy |
| IV | IV | Boy |