Formation, development and training of visual memory in children. How to determine the violation of visual memory?

This article will discuss one of the types of human memory - visual. You will find out what kinds of memory there are and how to train it.

Contents

Visual memory, storage
Visual memory - features
Types of visual memory
Short-term visual memory
Visually motor memory
Visual memory
Diagnosis of visual memory
Visual memory test
Visual memory impairment
Visually trained memory training
Exercise for visual memory
Games for the visual memory
Video: Games for the development of visual memory in children

Visual memory is calledXia also photographic. It allows you to create an image of what you have seen and store it in your memory. In the future, the preserved visual image can be reproduced in detail in your mind.

This kind of perception allows you to hold, see the image even in its absence. It is known that 60% of people remember the visual information better than the received one - the sound one.

Visual memory, remembering

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It is believed that people remember only the "photo".This picture is supplemented by a variety of different information obtained from other sensitive receptors.

As a matter of fact, storage is a capture, the further preservation of the received information. According to the dynamics of this phenomenon, there are two types of memory: unintended storage, intentional .

With , the intentional has a set goal: remember, for this visual memory, artificial methods of memorization are used.
Unintentional memorization occurs without the set goal, without various techniques, without much effort.

Using photographic memory gives a person to save a lot of memories. However, it is difficult to remember information from a large number of words that can not be memorized by ear. Remember this text is much easier on the whole image( picture).

Visual memory -

features Eidetic memory favorably influences the successes in further education in school. During this process, children memorize, absorb a large amount of material. Without a well-developed visual memory - new information is difficult to remember.

IMPORTANT : The quality of involuntary memorization depends on the activity of children to memory objects, the details of perception, thinking.

They say that photographic memory for girls is more developed than in boys. This is due to the fact that the peculiarities of the brain structure in girls and boys are different from each other. Do not lose sight of the fact that they have different development conditions.

Types of visual memory

There are several classifications of eidetic memory, they represent different types of memory.

subdivided them for such characteristics :

According speed memorization, preservation material: iconic, short-term, long-term, operational, hereditary
According results activity: involuntary, arbitrary
According memorization techniques: semantic, mechanical
According types memorized material: numerical, color, mathematical, face memory
According to levels memorization: short-term, long-term, sensorAt first
types psychology: a motor, imaginative, verbal, emotional

visual memory

Short-term visual memory

Short-term memory is a short memorization process, as a result of which you receive some information. It is also referred to as as working memory of , has a small time limit, limited capacity.

With this type of memory, you can store the memorized material of only four items. It stores in the memory cells a small amount of information, which we currently consciously remember.

Short-term memory receives the volume of information from the senses, from long-term memory. The processes that take place in it are not stable, have a reversible character.

Images in short-term memory exist due to the functioning of connections between neurons, by means of multiple excitation through ring neural circuits. Retention of pictures occurs due to mental pronunciation.

Visually motor memory

Engine memory , it motor contains muscular motions of learned movements( speed, tempo, amplitude, etc.).

Motor memory is the memorization, assimilation, reproduction of movements. It serves as a key aspect in the formation of skills, both practical and workers. What is the basis for visual motor memory in children?

IMPORTANT : When a child performs certain movements, it can not do the same in the next time. This happens because the skeleton has a special structure, the functional of the movements does not allow the person to move systematically, equally.

The volume of visual memory

The most important integral memory characteristic is the volume .It enables a person to remember, store material in a certain amount.

If we talk about memory, then its indicator is the number of captured information resources.

Older children have a larger volume of photographic memory. A child of preschool age remembers about 7 subjects, images from 11-16, after he was shown them only once.

The amount of photographic memory in a child is determined by a special test .Children are shown ten pictures with different objects, they need to remember them. Do not rush. Show each picture for six seconds. Then ask them to name the items.

You should pay attention to errors:

Child's repetitions
Objects that did not show
How many pictures the children remember

Then again show the photos they forgot, after ten minutes ask them to remember, again identify the errors. After an hour, ask to recall the images again.

The results are evaluated according to the following parameters :

8-10 photos - good result
5-7 photos - satisfactory result
up to 5 photos - unsatisfactory result

Diagnostics of visual memory

Diagnosis of eidetic memory allows you to assess only superficially the level of development of a particular person. A detailed study of a particular person is impossible, since all processes in memory are amenable only to a superficial study.

To determine the visual memory of children, use certain tests, which we will consider below.

IMPORTANT : Impaired visual memory can lead to mental disorders.

Test for visual memory

There are several tests for visual memory, consider one of them in more detail. It is designed for children from five to six years.

The essence of the test is :

We select 11-16 words , remember. We prepare the set photo( 21-31 pieces)
The photos should not carry a direct character to the words reserved for memorizing
Use such words as: path , garden , lunch , milk , light , field, clothes , error , night , horse , bird , study , chair , mouse , forest
Use these images in the pictures: bread , a cup, notebook , lantern , house , school , hours , fruit , pencil , cabinet , helicopter , furniture, sled , lamp , cat , cow , rake , plant , knife , blouse , machine , moon , cart , sofa
For children of preschool age the words, the images must be CONCRETEand for younger students - more abstract
Read the child the words, and he at this time let him select a suitable photo that will help remember the word
For example, you call the word - study , and the child in the meantime chooses a photo with the image of the school
Let's take the time to select each photo, about 33 seconds .Often children make a choice much earlier than this time
After each selection of the picture, ask to argue his choice
Then the child should take his mind off 15 minutes
Finally the child calls the words on the pictures

Visual impairment

Some children experience visual memory impairment. Problems eidetic memory, mainly occurs due to damage to parts of the cerebral cortex on the occipital side.

It is this zone that is responsible for memorizing photographic images. This happens with injuries or because of tumors of different etiologies.

Disorders are manifested by the following symptoms:

Disorders visual perception environment
There are times when children forget previously seen objects
Still, to the disturbing symptomatology of the pathology is this process - the patient is unable to name objects , despite the fact thathe recognizes them, understands the purpose.

IMPORTANT : Treatment of infants can not be performed independently at home, it is compulsory for the specialist to develop individual long-term therapy.

Training of the visual memory

Already in the preschool age, it is necessary to practice visual memory training. After all, kids quickly learn new words, images, ask a lot of cognitive questions. A special game for her training will help develop the perception of complex information in school.

When dealing with children, you need to remember the nuances of learning :

Interesting information is always learned better
In learning, the beginning, the end of
is best remembered. In addition to visual perception, the sensory sensation
will be much more effective. All information should be presented to the child simply, understandably

visual memory training process IMPORTANT : If you reduce the child's time to watch TV or limit the period of stay for computer games, then by giving an hour or two to joint memory training sessions, you will help the kid develop imagination, thinking.

Exercises for visual memory

According to statistics, up to 81% of all received information we get visually. True, most people do not enjoy all these opportunities.

The trained visual memory expands the view on any object, object. This, in turn, allows the child to increase concentration, attention.

There are many different exercises for training visual perception. Some of them:

Memorization of images - this exercise allows you to memorize the seen objects, images, and as accurately as possible reproduce them in your thoughts in all subtleties, details. This exercise can be practiced on simple
Drawing - is a great way to improve eidetic memory. The artist's skills here are absolutely not required. The main thing is the desire to transfer images captured in memory to paper in various drawings of
Memories - to train photographic memory with the help of memories simply. To do this, you must play all the events of the past day before going to sleep. Trying to do this, imagine visual images of
Games - has a huge number of games aimed at developing visual perception. One of them is "Find differences"

Games for visual memory

There are not a few special games for the development of visual memory in preschool children. Consider some of them:

"Find the figures" Game rules: the child is provided with an illustration with various geometric shapes. To begin with, it should be well considered, remember( the viewing time is 30 - 20 seconds) the original drawing. Then take the second, find the figures on it, which he remembered on the first
"In order" Rules of the game: the child, unfolds, alternating colored sticks( in order - yellow, red, blue).Or it decomposes numbers, figures, letters in the sequence specified by the adult
"Where was that?" Game rules: draw a square on a magnetic board. We divide it into nine cells. In each cell, fix different images. Give the child to remember the location of the pictures within 10 seconds. Remove everything, after 5 minutes ask the child for the arrangement of the pictures, let them restore them on the
"As in the picture" board Game rules: for the game we take a drawing with several figures. The kid remembers their location, afterwards he plays the figures in squares on an empty sheet
"Designer" Rules of the game: the child looks at the figure in the image, then puts the same figure out of the crook of Quisener or cubes. On completion - we compare how correctly everything turned out

IMPORTANT : Games for the formation of visual memory in preschool children and schoolchildren are selected by age.